全国推进“阅读地平线”计划 区域性建设书香校园
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??? ?? ??(??: Stephen Jay Gould, 1941? 9? 10?~2002? 5? 20?)? ??? ?????, ??????, ??????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??. ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
??? ?? ? ??? ??? 1972? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???????.[2] ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????.
??? ? ??? ???, ??? ???(Poecilozonites)? ?? ???(Cerion)[?? 1],? ??? ??????? ???? 《????? ????》(1977?)? ???? ?? ??? ?????.[3] ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????.[4]
??? 《??? ????》? 300? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????.[3] 《?? ??》[5], 《??? ??》[6], 《????》[7] ?? ????.
??
[??]
??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???. ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???. ??? ?? "???????? ?? ??? ? ?? ?????."? ????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???.[8]
??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ???????? ????.[4] ??, ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???.[9] ??? ??? ?? ??? "?? ??"?? ???.[10] ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? 《?? ???》[11]? ???.[10]
1963? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???.[12] ??? ??? ?? ?? ??, ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????.[13][14]
1965? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???.[8] 1995? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????.
1967?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???. 1972?? ?? ????(Niles Eldredge)? ?? ??????(Punctuated equilibrium)? ????. ??? ? ??? ??? ????? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????.[2]
??? 1982? ?? ???? ??? 《????》? 〈???? ???? ???〉[?? 2]? ?????. ??? ? ???? ??? 8?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ??? 50%? 8?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ???.[15] ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????, ? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???.[16]
??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??. ? ??? ?? 《???》 ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???. ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????.[17]
??? SF ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????.[18] ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????.
??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ‘????’? ????.[20][21] ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.[22][23]
??
[??]??? 1963? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????.[24] ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???.[25] 1967? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? 1982? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???, 1983? "?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???"?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. ?? 1999??? 2001??? ? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??? ???? ?????(1985 - 86?)? ?? ?? ??(1990 - 91?)? ??? ????? 1989? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? 1996??? 2002??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????. 2001? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????.[26] ?? ?? ??? 2008? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??-??? ??? ?????.[27]
?????
[??]1972? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????.[2] ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? "?? ??? ??"? ??? ???? ????.[9] ??? ???? ??? ?????? "???? ??? ??? ???"? ???.[28] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.[29]
???????
[??]??? ?? 《?? ??? ????》? ???????? ?? ??? ???.[30] ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????.[31]
????? ?????? ?? ??
[??]??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????, ? ??? ? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?????.[32] ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????.[?? 3]
1975? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????(??: framework)? ???? ??? ??? ?????.[33] ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? 《?? ?? ?? ??》(??: The New York Review of Books)? 〈?????? ????〉? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ??? ??? "?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??"? ?????.[34]
??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ?? 《?????? ???? ??》(1980?)?? "?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.…… ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??"? ?????.[35]
????? ???? ????
[??]
1979? ??? ??? ???? ?? 《? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????》? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??.[36]
??? 1978? ????? ?????. ?? ? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? "????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?"?? ?????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??(臍空), ?? ?? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???.[37]
???? ????? ???? ?? 《???》? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???. ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? "? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??"?? ???? ??? ????.[?? 4] ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????.
????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??.[38] ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????.[39] ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? 《??? ???? ??? ??》? ?????.[40]
??? ??? ???
[??]?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??, ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??. ?, ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??.[41]
??? ???? 《????》? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. "?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??, …… ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??."[42]
???? ?? ??
[??]??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???. ? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????. 1990?? ?, ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???.[43] ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????.[44]
??? ??
[??]
???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???. ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ??? "?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. Cerion ??? ?? 600? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??. ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???. ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???."[45]
?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????.[46]
???
[??]??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???. ?? "????" ??? 3,000? ?? ?????.[47] ??? ????? 《????》?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????.[48] ??? ?????? ? ??? ???. ???? ??? ???? "??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???"?? ????.[49]
????? ??
[??]??? ?? ??? 2002? 《????? ??》? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ???.
???
[??]??? 《??? ????》? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????[3], 《?? ??》[5], 《??? ??》[6], 《????》[7] ?? ????.
??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???. 2003? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? 《???? ??? ??》? ?????.[50]
?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? 1981? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? 590?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????.[51][?? 5] ??? ?? ??? "???? ?? ??"?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ???. ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? 1999? 《??? ??》, 2003? 《????, ??, ??? ????? ??》?? ???? ??. 1982? 《??? ????》? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??.
“ | ??? ???? ?(善)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ???, ???, ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ???, ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??. | ” |
— ??, 1982?[52]
|
??? ?? PBS? ??[53]? ?? ?? ?????, CNN? ??????, NBC? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????.
1997? ??? ????? 《?? ??》? ???? 〈???? ??〉??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? DNA? ???? ?? ??? ???. ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????.[54] ?????? ??? ???? "???? ?? ??? ?????"?? ????.[55] 2002? 《?? ??》? 13?? ?? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????.
??
[??]??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???.[49] ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???.[?? 6] ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? "?? ??"?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ???.[56][57][58]
?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[59] ???? ??? ??? ? 《??? ??? ????》? ???? "??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????"? ?????.[59] ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???. ???? ??? 《??? ??》? ?? ???? "??? ??? ??? ????.……??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ? ??? ???"? ?????.[59] ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???.[29]
??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???. ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? "??"? ????? ???. ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???.[60]
?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ??? ??? ??, ??, ??, ?, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? 《? ? ???》[61]?? ?????.
??
[??]- ??? ? ?, ?? ??:??? ??? ??? ??, ??????, 2009, ISBN 89-8371-230-9
- ??? ?, ??? ??, ????, 1998, ISBN 89-85509-96-9
- ??? ?, ????, ??????, 2002, ISBN 89-8371-089-6
- ??? ?, ??? ?? ??, ????, 2003, ISBN 89-5602-352-2
- ??? ?, ?? ?? ?? ??, ???, 2012, ISBN 978-89-323-1614-7
- ??? ?, ????? ??, ???, 2013, ISBN 978-89-323-1682-6
- ??? ?, ??? ???????, ???, 2014
??
[??]- ↑ ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???
- ↑ ?? 〈The Median isn't the message〉?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? 《??? ?? ??》(??: The Mismeasure of Man)?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ? ??? ??(??: Mismeasure)?? ??? ??(??: Measurement)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??.
- ↑ ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????.
- ↑ ?????? ?? "??? ???? ??"? ??.
- ↑ ??? ???? 590?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? 590?? ???? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?
- ↑ 1995? ??? ? ??? ???? ?????? 《?? ??》?? ??? ? ??. 1997? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??, Darwinian Fundamentalism ? ???? ??? ????.
??
[??]- ↑ ????, ????; ????, ??? (2008). 《???? ??: ???? ?? ??? ??》. ??. 19?.
- ↑ ? ? ? Eldredge, Niles, and S. J. Gould (1972). "Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism." In T.J.M. Schopf, ed., Models in Paleobiology. San Francisco: Freeman, Cooper and Company, pp. 82-115.
- ↑ ? ? ? ???, ??&???, ???, 2006, ISBN 89-349-2120-X. 125?
- ↑ ? ? Gould, S. J. (1997). "Nonoverlapping magisteria. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Natural History 106 (March): 16-22.
- ↑ ? ? ??? ?? ??, ??? ? ?, ?? ??:??? ??? ??? ??, ??????, 2009, ISBN 89-8371-230-9
- ↑ ? ? ??? ?? ??,??? ?, ??? ??, ????, 1998, ISBN 89-85509-96-9
- ↑ ? ? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?, ????, ??????, 2002, ISBN 89-8371-089-6
- ↑ ? ? Green, Michelle (1986). "Stephen Jay Gould: driven by a hunger to learn and to write. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" People 25 (2 June): 109-114.
- ↑ ? ? Gould, S. J. (2002). The Structure of Evolutionary Theory. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00613-5
- ↑ ? ? ???? ?? ??? - ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ??: ??? ???? ? ? ??? ?? ??? ??: ??.. ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???.. ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ??? 《??? ?? ??》? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ???. - Gould, S. J. (1981). "Official Transcript for Gould’s deposition in McLean v. Arkansas. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" (Nov. 27). p. 153.
- ↑ C. ??? ??, ??? ?, ?? ??? (??? ???? 10), ???, 1991
- ↑ Gasper, Phil (2002). "Stephen Jay Gould: Dialectical Biologist. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" International Socialist Review 24 (July–August).
- ↑ Lewontin, Richard and Richard Levins (2002). "Stephen Jay Gould—what does it mean to be a radical?" Monthly Review 54 (Nov. 1).
- ↑ ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? 《??? ?? ??》(??? ?, ????, 2003, ISBN 89-5602-352-2)? ??? ?
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1985). "The Median Isn't the Message." Discover 6 (June): 40-42.
- ↑ Bakalar, James and Lester Grinspoon (1997). Marihuana, the Forbidden Medicine. New Haven: Yale University Press, pp. 39-41.
- ↑ DONIEL PERL, Where Have You Gone, Stephen Jay Gould?, New York University - ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1993). "Dinomania." New York Review of Books 40 (August 12): 51-56.
- ↑ Harvard News Office (2002). "Paleontologist, author Gould dies at 60. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" The Harvard Gazette. (May 20). Retrieved on 2009-6-4.
- ↑ ???, ??? ??? (2007). 〈8. ?? ??? ???? ??〉. ???. 《???? ?》. ???. 425?. ISBN 978-89-349-2618-4.
?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????.
- ↑ ???, ??? ???. 〈5. ????? ??????〉. ???. 《??? ??》. ?????. 348?. ISBN 978-89-5561-279-0.
?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???.
- ↑ ???, ??? ???. 〈5. ????? ??????〉. ???. 《??? ??》. ?????. 351?. ISBN 978-89-5561-279-0.
?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ??.
- ↑ ???, ??? ???. 〈5. ????? ??????〉. ???. 《??? ??》. ?????. 414?. ISBN 978-89-5561-279-0.
《???? ??》? ??? ??? ?? ????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???. ?? ?? ??? ???.
- ↑ Allen, Warren (2008). "The Structure of Gould." In Warren Allen et al. Stephen Jay Gould: Reflections on His View of Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 24, 59.
- ↑ Masha, Etkin (2002). "A Tribute to Stephen Jay Gould '63. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Antiochian (Winter ed.). Retrieved on 2009-6-4.
- ↑ Humanist of the Year ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??, americanhumanist.org, 2025-08-08 ???
- ↑ Linnean Society of London (2008). "The Darwin-Wallace Medal." Retrieved on 2009-6-4.
- ↑ Dawkins, Richard (1999). The Extended Phenotype. Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. 101. ISBN 0-19-288051-9.
- ↑ ? ? Maynard Smith, John (1984). "Paleontology at the high table." Nature 309 (5967): 401–402.
- ↑ Thomas, R.D.K. (2009). "Gould, Stephen Jay (1941–2002)." in M. Ruse and J. Travis (eds). Evolution: The First Four Billion Years. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press. pp. 611-615.
- ↑ Prum, R.O., & Brush, A.H. (March 2003). "Which Came First, the Feather or the Bird?" Scientific American, vol.288, no.3, pp.84-93
- ↑ Gould, S. J. and E. Vrba (1982). "Exaptation—a missing term in the science of form.[?? ??(?? ?? ??)]" Paleobiology 8 (1): 4-15.
- ↑ Wilson, E. O. (1975). Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
- ↑ Allen, Elizabeth, et al. (1975). "Against 'Sociobiology.'" [letter] New York Review of Books 22 (Nov. 13): 182, 184-186.
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1980). "Sociobiology and the Theory of Natural Selection." In G. W. Barlow and J. Silverberg, eds., Sociobiology: Beyond Nature/Nurture? Boulder CO: Westview Press, pp. 257-269.
- ↑ Gould, S. J. and Richard Lewontin (1979). "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 205 (1161): 581–98. DOI PMID; for background see Gould's "The Pattern of Life's History ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" in John Brockman The Third Culture ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??. New York: Simon & Schuster. 1996, pp. 52-64. ISBN 0-684-82344-6.
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1997). "The exaptive excellence of spandrels as a term and prototype." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (20): 10750–5. DOI PMID
- ↑ Maynard Smith, John (1995). "Genes, Memes, & Minds." The New York Review of Books 42 (Nov. 30): 46–48. "By and large, I think their [Spandrels] paper had a healthy effect. . . . Their critique forced us to clean up our act and to provide evidence for our stories. But adaptationism remains the core of biological thinking." A similar appraisal is reflected by Ernst Mayr in his 1983 paper "How to Carry Out the Adaptationist Program?" The American Naturalist 121 (3): 324–334; and George C. Williams, Natural Selection: Domains, Levels, and Challenges. New York: Oxford University Press. 1992.
- ↑ Lloyd, E.A. (2005). The Case of The Female Orgasm: Bias in the science of evolution. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
- ↑ Gould, S.J. (1992). "Male Nipples and Clitoral Ripples." In Bully for Brontosaurus: Further Reflections in Natural History. New York: W. W. Norton. pp. 124-138.
- ↑ ????(2002)
- ↑ Dawkins, Richard (1997). "Human chauvinism." Evolution 51 (3): 1015–1020.
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1991). "The disparity of the Burgess Shale arthropod fauna and the limits of cladistic analysis. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Paleobiology 17 (October): 411-423.
- ↑ Baron, Christian and J. T. H?eg (2005). "Gould, Scharm and the Paleontologocal Perspective in Evolutionary Biology." In S. Koenemann and R.A. Jenner, Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships. CRC Press. pp. 3–14. ISBN 0-8493-3498-5.
- ↑ Wolpert, Lewis and Alison Richards (1998). A Passion For Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 139-152. ISBN 0-19-854212-7
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1996). "A Cerion for Christopher." Natural History 105 (Oct.): 22-29, 78—79.
- ↑ Google Scholar. Retrieved on 2009-8-22.
- ↑ Prothero, Donald (2000). "Evolution Revolution: Paleontology, History, Biography. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Skeptic Festschrift lecture for Stephen Jay Gould. October 7, 2000.
- ↑ ? ? Shermer, Michael (2002). "This View of Science. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" Social Studies of Science 32 (4): 518.
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (2003). Triumph and Tragedy in Mudville. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. See his essays: "The Streak of Streaks," "Thcience Studies," and "Baseball's reliquary: the oddly possible hybrid of shrine and university"
- ↑ McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education,Decision by U.S. District Court Judge William R. Overton
- ↑ Gould, S. J. (1982). "Nonmoral Nature." Natural History 91 (Feb.): 19–26.
- ↑ PBS (1984). "Stephen Jay Gould: This View of Life. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" NOVA. December 18.
- ↑ Fox. The Simpsons. "Lisa the Skeptic", November 23, 1997. Audio here ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??.
- ↑ Scully, Mike (2006). The Simpsons. Season 9 DVD Commentary for "Lisa the Skeptic". DVD. 20th Century Fox.
- ↑ Brown, Andrew (1999). The Darwin Wars: The Scientific Battle for the Soul of Man. London: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-8050-7137-7
- ↑ Rose, Steven (2002). "Obituaries: Stephen Jay Gould." The Guardian (May 22): 20.
- ↑ Blume, Harvey (2002). "The Origin of Specious. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" The American Prospect (September 22): 41–43.
- ↑ ? ? ? Maynard Smith, John (1981). "Did Darwin get it right?" The London Review of Books 3 (11): 10-11; Also reprinted in Did Darwin Get it Right? New York: Chapman and Hall, 1989, pp. 148-156.
- ↑ Wright, Robert (1999). "The Accidental Creationist: Why Stephen J. Gould is bad for evolution. ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??" The New Yorker 75 (Dec. 13): 56-65.
- ↑ ??? ???, ??? ?, ?????, ??????, 2004. ISBN 89-8371-153-1
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[??]- The Unofficial Stephen Jay Gould Archive
- Excerpts from Gould Lectures at Stanford University
- Richard C. Lewontin sums up Gould's career in an obituary ??? 2025-08-08 - ??? ??
- "Darwinian Fundamentalism" - Gould's response to Daniel Dennett and other critics
- McLean v. Arkansas Creationism Trial - Plaintiff's transcript of Gould's testimony
- Stephen Jay Gould Charlie Rose interviews